The IPMT function in Excel calculates the interest payment for a given period of a loan or investment, based on constant periodic payments and a constant interest rate. In simple words: It tells you how much of your payment is just interest for a specific month or period.

The INTRATE function in Excel calculates the interest rate for a fully invested security between two dates. It is mainly used for short-term investments, such as Treasury bills, where the security does not pay periodic interest (zero-coupon bonds). In simple words: It finds the simple interest rate earned over a specific period.

The FVSCHEDULE function in Excel calculates the future value of an investment or loan after applying a series of interest rates over time. Unlike the standard FV function, which uses a constant interest rate, the FVSCHEDULE function allows for varying interest rates during different periods, making it ideal for complex financial models.

The FV (Future Value) function in Excel is one of the most widely used financial functions. It helps you calculate the future value of an investment or loan based on periodic, constant payments and a fixed interest rate. The function is crucial for financial planning, helping to determine how much an investment will grow over time or how much you will owe in the future.

The EFFECT function in Excel calculates the effective annual interest rate (EAR) or annual equivalent rate (AER) based on the nominal interest rate and the number of compounding periods per year.

The DURATION function in Excel calculates the Macaulay duration of a bond, which is the weighted average time until a bond's cash flows are received. It represents the bond’s interest rate sensitivity or how much the bond price will change with changes in interest rates.

The DISC function in Excel calculates the discounted price of a security based on the discount rate and face value. It’s commonly used in finance to determine the discount amount for securities such as Treasury bills or bonds that are sold at a discount. The DISC function is based on the discount yield and is primarily used to compute the discounted price of a financial instrument before its maturity date.

The DDB function in Excel calculates the depreciation of an asset for a specific period using the Double Declining Balance (DDB) method.This method is an accelerated depreciation technique, which means that an asset depreciates faster in the earlier periods compared to later periods. In simple terms, the DDB function helps you calculate how much of an asset's value has been depreciated using the double declining balance method, which takes a fixed percentage of the remaining

The CUMPRINC function in Excel calculates the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods. In simple terms, it helps you determine how much of the loan principal has been repaid between two specific periods, based on the loan's interest rate, payment schedule, and loan amount. This function is often used for loan amortization schedules and to analyze how much of the loan balance has been reduced over time.

The CUMIPMT function in Excel calculates the cumulative interest paid on a loan between two periods. In simple terms, this function helps you determine how much interest has been paid on a loan during a specific period, based on the loan's interest rate, payment schedule, and loan amount. This function is especially useful in loan amortization schedules and financial modeling.

The COUPPCD function in Excel returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date of a bond. In other words, it helps you determine the last interest payment date that occurred before you purchased the bond. This function is useful for accrued interest calculations, bond pricing, and financial reporting.

The COUPNUM function in Excel calculates the number of coupon periods between the settlement date and the maturity date of a bond. In simple words, it tells you how many interest payments are left for the bond from the purchase date until it matures. This function is very useful for bond investment analysis, amortization schedules, and pricing bonds.

The COUPNCD function in Excel returns the next coupon date after the settlement date of a bond.In simple words, it helps you find out when the bond will make its next interest payment after you purchase it. This function is very helpful in bond investment calculations, pricing, and financial reporting.

The COUPDAYSNC function in Excel calculates the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date for a bond. In simple terms, it answers:"How many days are left until the next interest payment?"

The COUPDAYS function in Excel returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date of a bond.In other words, it tells you how many days are in the full coupon period (between two coupon payments) where your purchase date falls.

The COUPDAYBS function in Excel calculates the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date of a bond. It’s mainly used when working with bonds and fixed-income securities that pay periodic interest (coupons).

The AMORLINC function in Excel calculates the linear (straight-line) depreciation of an asset for each accounting period.Unlike AMORDEGRC, which uses accelerated depreciation, AMORLINC spreads the asset's value loss evenly over its useful life. It is especially used in French accounting, but also useful anywhere straight-line depreciation is needed with fixed-period calculations.

The AMORDEGRC function in Excel calculates the depreciation of an asset for each accounting period using a degressive (accelerated) depreciation method.It is mostly used in French accounting systems, where as

The ACCRINTM function in Excel calculates the accrued interest for a security that pays interest only at maturity.Unlike ACCRINT, where periodic payments are made, ACCRINTM is used when the full interest amount is paid once, together with the principal at the end of the investment term.

The ACCRINT function in Excel calculates the accrued interest for a security (like a bond) that pays periodic interest.It is widely used in financial analysis, especially when working with bonds, loans, or any investment product that generates interest over time.