The DOLLAR function in Excel is used to convert a number into a currency-formatted text string. It doesn't perform calculations, but instead formats numeric values with a currency symbol (based on your system settings), correct decimal places, and thousands separators—making numbers readable and presentation-ready.

The CONCAT function in Excel is used to combine (concatenate) text from multiple cells, ranges, or strings into one continuous value. It is a modern replacement for the older CONCATENATE function, offering improved flexibility—especially the ability to handle ranges.

The CLEAN function in Excel is designed to remove all non-printable characters from a text string. It is especially useful when working with data imported from external sources such as databases, web applications, or other software systems that might contain hidden characters, line breaks, or control codes that can interfere with formulas, display, or data processing.

The CHAR function in Excel is used to return a character based on the ASCII code (or Unicode code point). It allows users to convert numerical values into characters, which can be particularly useful when you need to work with symbols, special characters, or control characters in your data.

In Excel's dynamic formula environment, it’s often necessary to convert arrays into plain text—especially for documentation, exporting, or debugging. The ARRAYTOTEXT function provides a convenient way to do exactly that: it turns array values into a single text string, either in a readable or strict format.