The ISPMT function in Excel calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment or loan with even principal payments (not even total payments like with IPMT). In simple words:ISPMT gives you the interest portion for a given period assuming you pay back the principal evenly across the loan term.

The IRR function in Excel calculates the Internal Rate of Return for a series of cash flows (payments and income).It is used heavily in finance and investment analysis to measure and compare the profitability of different projects or investments. In simple words:IRR tells you how profitable your investment is, shown as a percentage

The IPMT function in Excel calculates the interest payment for a given period of a loan or investment, based on constant periodic payments and a constant interest rate. In simple words: It tells you how much of your payment is just interest for a specific month or period.

The FV (Future Value) function in Excel is one of the most widely used financial functions. It helps you calculate the future value of an investment or loan based on periodic, constant payments and a fixed interest rate. The function is crucial for financial planning, helping to determine how much an investment will grow over time or how much you will owe in the future.

The EFFECT function in Excel calculates the effective annual interest rate (EAR) or annual equivalent rate (AER) based on the nominal interest rate and the number of compounding periods per year.

The DURATION function in Excel calculates the Macaulay duration of a bond, which is the weighted average time until a bond's cash flows are received. It represents the bond’s interest rate sensitivity or how much the bond price will change with changes in interest rates.

The DISC function in Excel calculates the discounted price of a security based on the discount rate and face value. It’s commonly used in finance to determine the discount amount for securities such as Treasury bills or bonds that are sold at a discount. The DISC function is based on the discount yield and is primarily used to compute the discounted price of a financial instrument before its maturity date.

The DDB function in Excel calculates the depreciation of an asset for a specific period using the Double Declining Balance (DDB) method.This method is an accelerated depreciation technique, which means that an asset depreciates faster in the earlier periods compared to later periods. In simple terms, the DDB function helps you calculate how much of an asset's value has been depreciated using the double declining balance method, which takes a fixed percentage of the remaining

The CUMPRINC function in Excel calculates the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods. In simple terms, it helps you determine how much of the loan principal has been repaid between two specific periods, based on the loan's interest rate, payment schedule, and loan amount. This function is often used for loan amortization schedules and to analyze how much of the loan balance has been reduced over time.

The CUMIPMT function in Excel calculates the cumulative interest paid on a loan between two periods. In simple terms, this function helps you determine how much interest has been paid on a loan during a specific period, based on the loan's interest rate, payment schedule, and loan amount. This function is especially useful in loan amortization schedules and financial modeling.

The COUPPCD function in Excel returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date of a bond. In other words, it helps you determine the last interest payment date that occurred before you purchased the bond. This function is useful for accrued interest calculations, bond pricing, and financial reporting.

The COUPNUM function in Excel calculates the number of coupon periods between the settlement date and the maturity date of a bond. In simple words, it tells you how many interest payments are left for the bond from the purchase date until it matures. This function is very useful for bond investment analysis, amortization schedules, and pricing bonds.

The DB  function in Excel calculates the depreciation  of an asset for a specific period, using the declining balance method . In simple...

The IFS function in Excel evaluates a series of conditions and returns a specific value for the first true condition. This makes the IFS function particularly helpful when applying multiple tests, streamlining the process compared to using traditional IF statements.